Principle of laser cutting machine

Laser cutting machine is an advanced equipment that uses laser beam to cut materials. Its working principle is based on high-energy-density laser beam. The laser emitted by the laser is focused by the optical path system to form a high-power-density laser beam, which is irradiated to the surface of the workpiece. This high-energy laser beam makes the workpiece reach the melting point or boiling point, and the high-pressure gas coaxial with the beam blows away the melted or vaporized metal. As the relative position of the beam and the workpiece moves, the material is eventually cut, thereby achieving the purpose of cutting. Laser cutting is a non-contact processing method that does not require a traditional mechanical knife, but is replaced by an invisible beam. It has the characteristics of high precision, fast cutting, not limited to cutting pattern restrictions, automatic typesetting to save materials, smooth incisions, and low processing costs.

The principle of laser cutting machine can be further explained as follows:

1. Energy conversion and material melting: The laser cutting machine irradiates the workpiece surface with a high-energy-density laser beam, and the energy released causes the workpiece material to melt or evaporate. This energy conversion process is achieved through the thermal effect of the laser beam, which causes the processed material to melt, evaporate or decompose, thereby forming an incision.

‌2. Gas assist‌: During the laser cutting process, high-pressure gas (such as oxygen or nitrogen) is usually coaxially blown toward the laser beam to help the melted material be blown away quickly, thus forming a clear cutting line.

3. Non-contact processing‌: Since laser cutting is a non-contact processing method, it does not require tools and molds, reducing the problems of tool wear and workpiece deformation.

4. Material adaptability‌: Laser cutting machines can cut a variety of materials, including metals, non-metals, and some composite materials. For different materials, laser cutting has different applicability and efficiency.

5. Precision and speed‌: Laser cutting can achieve higher precision and speed, narrow and smooth slits, and low surface roughness, which is suitable for processing with high quality requirements.

6. Automation and flexibility‌: Modern laser cutting machines are usually equipped with CNC systems, which can achieve two-dimensional and three-dimensional cutting, simple and flexible operation, and are suitable for processing parts of various shapes.

In summary, laser cutting machines achieve efficient and precise material cutting through the thermal effect of high-energy laser beams and non-contact processing methods, combined with automation technology, and are widely used in various industrial fields.